Used for Internet teleconferencing of videoconferencing
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
Network layer protocol
Used with IPv4
Obtains MAC (physical) address of host or node
Creates database that maps MAC to host’s IP address
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
Network layer protocol
Reports on data deliver success/failure
Announces transmission failures to sender
Network congestion
Data fails to reach destination
Data discarded: TTL expired
ICMP cannot correct errors
Provides critical network problem troubleshooting information
ICMPv6 used with IPv6
And in IPv4
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
A friend in the world of IT departments
Automatically assigns a device a unique IP address
Computer turned on/off, new IP address assigned
Application layer protocol
Reasons for implementing
Reduce time and planning for IP address management
Reduce potential for error in assigning IP addresses
Enable users to move workstations and printers
Make IP addressing transparent for mobile users
Sockets and Ports
Process’s socket
Port number + host machine’s IP address
Other Protocols:
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
Used everywhere, texts, files, attachments etc.
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)
NTP (Network Time Protocol)
PING (Packet Internet Groper)
Ping
Gateway
A combination of networking hardware and software that connects two dissimilar kinds of networks. Gateways perform connectivity, session management, and data translation, so they must operate at multiple layers of the OSI model.
